12.48inch e-Paper Module (B)

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12.48inch e-Paper (B)
12.48inch-e-Paper-B-003.jpg
12.48inch e-Paper Module (B)
12.48inch-e-Paper-Module-B-001.jpg

1304×984
Black, Red, White
RPI, SPI
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Introduction

Version Guide

  • V2: The hardware and interface are compatible with the V1, and support the V2 program. If you are purchasing for the first time and there is a V2 label on the back of the screen, you can directly use the V2 demo.
  • V1: support V1 demo.

Feature

  • Dimension: 12.48 inches
  • Outline dimension (raw panel): 261.40mm × 211.00mm × 1.20mm
  • Outline dimension (acrylic case): 280mm x 229.5mm
  • Display size: 252.98mm × 190.90mm
  • Working voltage: 3.3V/5V
  • Interface: SPI
  • Dot pitch: 0.194mm × 0.194mm
  • Resolution: 1304 x 984
  • Display color: Black, White, Red
  • Grey level: 2
  • Full refresh time: 37s
  • Refresh power: 82.5mW (typ.)
  • Standby power: <0.01uA (almost none)

【Note】: Refresh time: The data provided is experimental data, the actual time may be a little different. Normally, the e-Paper blinks when fully updated.
Power Consumption: The power data is experimental data. The actual power consumption will have a certain error due to the existence of the driver board and the actual usage, subject to the actual effect.

SPI Communication Timing

1.54inch-e-paper-manual-1.png

Since the ink screen only needs to be displayed, the data cable (MISO) sent from the machine and received by the host is hidden here.

  • CS: Slave chip select, when CS is low, the chip is enabled.
  • DC: data/command control pin, write command when DC=0; write data when DC=1.
  • SCLK: SPI communication clock.
  • SDIN: SPI communication master sends, the slave receives.
  • Timing: CPHL=0, CPOL=0 (SPI0).

[Remarks] For specific information about SPI, you can search for information online.

How do e-Paper display

As we know, this display uses the SPI interface, however, there are two FPC cables. The 12.48inch e-Paper is combined with four small e-Paper, therefore, to control the e-Paper, you should use four chip select pin.

12.48inch e-paper-4part.png
  • Update essence

It works as below:

We name the four areas as S2, M2, M1, and S1 respectively, in demo codes, we will send data to these four areas in order.
The resolution of S2 and M1 are same 648*492, and the resolution of M2 and S1 are the same 656*492.
Combine the four displays we get the resolution of 12.48inch e-Paper: 1304*984

12.48inch e-paper-4part2.png
  • How to Control

They are four displays indeed, therefore, we need to control four SPI salves:
Generally, the control pins of e-Paper are MOSI, SCLK, CS, and DC
And power and reset pins: VCC, GND, RST
Because e-Paper will flash when updating, there is a busy pin: BUSY
To reduce pins, four displays use the same VCC, GND, MOSI, and SCK pins. Every two displays use the same DC and RST pins.
Therefore, there are a total of 16 pins for controlling the e-Paper:


  • Codes analysis

To control the e-Paper, you should first reset and initialize registers. And then transmit image data to e-Paper and update.
Here we show you how to transmit the image data:
We take Black-white or Red-white images as a monochrome bitmap. One byte stands for 8 pixels.

S2 and M1: There are 648 pixels per raw, It needs 648/8 = 81 bytes. One display has 492 columns, 81 * 492 = 39852 bytes in total. The same as the M2 and S1: They have 40344 per display.
Registers 0x13 and 0x10 are used to control Black-white image data and Red image data transmission, here we take a two-color display as an example.

Color 0x10 0x13
White 0xFF 0x00
Black 0x00 0x00
Red 0xFF/0x00 0xFF
void EPD_12in48_Display(const UBYTE *Image)
{
    int x,y;
    //S1 part 648*492
    EPD_S2_SendCommand(0x13);
    for(y = 0; y < 492; y++)
        for(x = 0; x < 81; x++) {
            EPD_S2_SendData(*(Image + (y*163 + x)));
        }

    //M2 part 656*492
    EPD_M2_SendCommand(0x13);
    for(y = 0; y < 492; y++)
        for(x = 81; x < 163; x++) {
            EPD_M2_SendData(*(Image+ (y*163) +x));
        }

    //S1 part 656*492
    EPD_S1_SendCommand(0x13);
    for(y = 492; y < 984; y++)
        for(x = 81; x < 163; x++) {
            EPD_S1_SendData(*(Image+ (y*163) +x));
        }

    //M1 part 648*492
    EPD_M1_SendCommand(0x13);
    for(y = 492; y < 984; y++)
        for(x = 0; x < 81; x++) {
            EPD_M1_SendData(*(Image+ (y*163) +x));
        }
        
    EPD_12in48_TurnOnDisplay();
}


We provide demo codes for four popular hardware platforms, Raspberry Pi, Arduino UNO, STM32 and the ESP32. The product you receive may be pre-assembled, you need to remove the back panel and connect your device like Raspberry Pi.

Preface

How to Install

Since it was assembled by us when you got the product, it has a base board, you need to take the screwdriver delivered to unscrew the screws on the back and put it into the main control.

  • The Raspberry Pi, Arduino UNO, and ESP32 directly provide interface connections, and the specific control pins are introduced in the following sections.
  • For STM32, the demo is based on the STM32F103ZET6 chip, which was tested using our Open103Z, and connected using the pin headers of the board.

Software Description

Raspberry Pi Programs

We provide two program drivers, C and Python.
It takes about 8S to brush a frame of a picture in C language and about 10s in Python. In addition to the basic refreshing effect, python codes also can catch the weather information:

Arduino UNO

We provide a C program, and the .c suffix is ​​changed to .cpp to be compatible with CPP.
Because the RAM of UNO is too small, 3x 23LC1024 chips are used onboard to expand the memory of UNO. You need to build a picture of the whole picture and initialize it. For black and white pictures, you need 1304/8*984=160392 pieces Bytes, and a 23LC1024 can only have a maximum size of 128K. For black and white red, it needs 160392*2 = 320784 bytes, so 3 chips are needed, so the display speed of the whole frame picture is very slow and is about 1 minute. to display a black-and-white image.

  • The jumper cap needs to be connected to 5V.

STM32

We provide a C program.

  • Since STM32F103ZET6 has no interface for direct use, it needs to be connected with the delivered Dupont cable. For the specific connection method, please refer to the pin connection diagram below. There are only some examples here because the STM32F103ZET6 cannot establish a complete image cache, only part of the screen demos.

ESP32

We provide a C program for the Arduino test program and an example that can be controlled using the web page.

  • Arduino: It can be used according to the corresponding ESP32 chapters. ESP32 cannot create a 1304/8*984 cache, so it is refreshed differently, 4304/8*492 data is transmitted at one time, and black and white needs to be transmitted twice. Black and white red transmission 4 times. The refresh speed of black and white is about 8S, and the refresh speed of black and white is about 16S.
  • Web page control: Due to my limited skills, I develop web pages while learning the front end. There may be some bugs in web page control, and you may not be able to complain, but the function can be completed in the end. The IP address will be displayed on the serial port. Under the same wifi, you can use the web page to open the IP address to control it, which will be described in detail in the subsequent chapters.

Raspberry Pi

Hardware Connection

12in48-epaper-RPIconnet012.JPG

The pins used can be found on schematic according to codes.

12in48-epaper-rpi1.png

Enable SPI interface

  • Open the Raspberry Pi terminal and input the following commands to enter the configuration interface:
sudo raspi-config
Select Interfacing Options -> SPI -> No to enable the SPI interface

12.48 spi03.jpg
12.48 spi.jpg
12.48 spi02.jpg

  • Reboot the Raspberry Pi:
sudo reboot

Libraries installation

  • Install lg library:
#Open the Raspberry Pi and run the following commands: 
wget https://github.com/joan2937/lg/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
cd lg-master
make
sudo make install
#For more details, you can refer to https://github.com/gpiozero/lg
  • Install the gpiod library: (optional)
#Open the Raspberry Pi, and run the following commands:  
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install gpiod libgpiod-dev
  • Install BCM2835 (optional):
#Open the Raspberry Pi terminal and run the following commands:  
wget http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/bcm2835-1.71.tar.gz
tar zxvf bcm2835-1.71.tar.gz 
cd bcm2835-1.71/
sudo ./configure && sudo make && sudo make check && sudo make install
#For more details, you can refer to:http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/bcm2835/
  • Install wiringPi (optional):
#Open the Raspberry Pi terminal and run the following command
sudo apt-get install wiringpi
#For Raspberry Pi systems after May 2019 (earlier than before, you may not need to execute), you may need to upgrade:
wget https://project-downloads.drogon.net/wiringpi-latest.deb
sudo dpkg -i wiringpi-latest.deb
gpio -v
# Run gpio -v and version 2.52 will appear. If it does not appear, the installation is wrong

#Bullseye branch system use the following command:
git clone https://github.com/WiringPi/WiringPi
cd WiringPi
./build
gpio -v
# Run gpio -v and version 2.60 will appear. If it does not appear, it means that there is an installation error

Install Python Library

  • Install function library:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo apt-get install python3-pil
sudo apt-get install python3-numpy
sudo pip3 install spidev
sudo pip3 install cairosvg
sudo apt-get install libcairo2 libcairo2-dev
pip3 install beautifulsoup4
  • Install python2:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python-pip
sudo apt-get install python-pil
sudo apt-get install python-numpy
sudo pip install spidev
sudo pip install cairosvg
sudo apt-get install libcairo2 libcairo2-dev
pip install beautifulsoup4

Download

Open the terminal and run commands to download codes.

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
wget https://files.waveshare.com/upload/9/9a/12.48inch_e-Paper_Module_Code_RPI.7z
7z x 12.48inch_e-Paper_Module_Code_RPI.7z -o./12.48inch_e-Paper_Module_Code
sudo chmod 777 -R 12.48inch_e-Paper_Module_Code
cd 12.48inch_e-Paper_Module_Code

Run codes

  • C codes:
cd c
sudo nano examples/main.c
Confirm the screen you use is black & white or black & white & red:

The demo for black & white:
12in48-epaper-rpi-bw.png

If you use the tree-color display, modify the file as below.

12in48-epaper-rpi-bw2.png
Press ctrl+x, and Y to save and exit, and execute the commands as shown below:

make clean
make
sudo ./epd
  • Python codes:
cd python/examples
#Black&white screen:
sudo python3 epd_12in48_test.py
#Black&white&red screen:
sudo python3 epd_12in48B_test.py
Or
sudo python3 epd_12in48B_V2_test.py
  • Python code for displaying weather:

Note: We have not found a free account for a weather API. Therefore, we are using Python web scraping to gather weather information from foreign sources.

cd python/examples
#Black&white screen runs:
sudo python3 Show_EN_Weather.py
#Black&white&red screen runs:
sudo python3 Show_EN_Weather.py B
#Or
sudo python3 Show_EN_Weather.py B_V2
#Help:
sudo python3 Show_EN_Weather.py help

12in48-epaper-rpi-weather2.jpg

Arduino

Hardware connection

You can directly insert the Arduino UNO into the PCB.

  • Note: you need to connect the jumper cap to 5V.
12in48-epaper-Arduinoconne.JPG

About the pins used:

12in48-epaper-arduino1.png

Run codes

Download demo codes from the wiki and unzip them.
Copy the 12in48 folder to the libraries directory which is under the installation directory of Arduino IDE. (The installation directory generally is C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\libraries)
Open Arduino IDE software, choose Tool -> Board -> Arduino UNO:
1.9inch LCD Module Arduino11.jpg
Click File -> Examples -> EPD12in48 to open demo code.
12in48-epaper-arduino3.png
If your e-Paper is a two-color version, use the epd12in48-demo, otherwise, use the epd12in48b-demo.
Compile and download the codes to the board.

If you are using a black and white screen, select epd12in48-demo on the right.
If you are using a black, white, and red screen, select epd12in48b-demo on the right.
Finally, select the corresponding COM port, and then click Compile and Download.

  • Note that the refresh process may take a long time. You can open the serial monitor to check the progress. Generally, it takes 1 minute for black and white screen, and 2 minutes for a black, white and red screen.

STM32

Preparation

The development board we use is Waveshare Open103Z. The project is developed based on STM32 HAL libraries.

Open 103Z

To assemble the Open32, you should connect the 2*8PIN header to the wires provided.

12in48-epaper-STM32conne0t.jpg

About the pins used, you can refer to the e-paper.ioc file (open STM32CUBEMX to see), as shown below:

12in48-epaper-STM32-5.png
12in48-epaper-STM32-6.png

Open the project (STM32\STM32-F103ZET6\MDK-ARM\e-paper.uvprojx), compile, and download it to the development board.
It requires about 10s for the two-color version and 20s for the three-color display.

ESP32

We provide two demos in the Arduino environment for development, the first needs to build the Arduino ESP32 environment, this can be a separate study in the ESP32 user manual, but for the sake of tutorial completeness, here can also be introduced again:
1. If your computer has not been installed Arduino IDE or the IDE version is old, it is recommended to download the latest IDE on Arduino's official website.
2. Download the Arduino-ESP32 support package: https://codeload.github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/zip/master. Unzip it to Arduino IDE Hardware -> espressif -> esp32. (Note: if you don't have a folder in your installation directory, you can create one manually.)

12in48-epaper-esp32-1.png

3. Enter the tools folder, and run the get.exe file as administrator.
4. After installing, Copy the esp32-epd-12in48 folder of ESP32 demo codes to [Arduino IDE installation directory]/Hardware/espressif/esp32/libraries (Generally, its directory is C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\espressif\esp32\libraries.)

12in48-epaper-esp32-2.png

Hardware connection

Two demos are verified using the e-Paper ESP32 Driver Board, which can be plugged directly into the ESP32 interface on the driver board.

12in48-epaper-esp32connet.JPG

About the pins used, you can refer to schematic and codes

12in48-epaper-esp32-connet1.png

Arduino Example

Open Arduino IDE software, and find the examples on File -> Examples.

12in48-epaper-esp32-3.png

If you use a two-color e-Paper, choose the epd12in48-demo.
If you use a three-color e-Paper, use the epd12in48B-demo.

WiFi Example

ESP32 supports WiFi and can serve as a server and client, allowing us to program it to control an e-paper display via a web interface. This functionality has been implemented in the E-Paper ESP32 Driver Board. However, this may be difficult for some beginners. Therefore, we are resetting the approach here. there may be bugs that are not all discovered during testing. We hope you can point out any shortcomings so that we can strive to improve.
In the "wifi" directory under the esp32 directory, since it involves WiFi usage, you cannot directly use the example code. You need to modify the WiFi account and password in the program:
Open the "Web_App.cpp" file in the directory, and on lines 50 and 51, you will find the account and password. Modify them according to your credentials.
12in48-epaper-esp32-4.png

  • Open wifi.ino file, compile and download it to your ESP32 board. Open the Serial monitor to query the IP address.
12in48-epaper-esp32-5.png
  • Open the Chrome browser, and enter the web with the IP address.
12in48-epaper-esp32-html0.png

The IP address is shown above and you can choose between 12.48-inch e-paper and 12.48-inch e-paper b which corresponds to the two-color e-Paper and three-color e-Paper respectively, choose it according to your screen.

  • Select the display type, here we take 12.48inch e-Paper (two-color version) as an example:
Click on the 12.48inch e-paper, the right side will show 6 functions, which can be achieved by drawing dots, first, boxes, circles, characters, and pictures, the home page will show the pixels of the e-Paper screen and the colors that can be displayed, pay attention to the color of the ink screen is to use BLACK, if white, nothing will show up:
12in48-epaper-esp32-html1.png
  • The corresponding coordination of display is as below:
12in48-epaper-esp32-html2.png
  1. Draw points
    Click Draw Point, and the right side will pop up the following, there are 4 options: the coordinates of the corresponding point, color, and pixel point size. (Note that the coordinates do not exceed the maximum pixels of the image, otherwise it will not be displayed), after you have chosen, click anywhere to display the effect!
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html3.png
  2. Draw lines
    Click Draw Line, and the right side will pop up the following, there are 7 options: corresponding to the starting coordinates of the line (4), color, line width, solid dashed line. (Note that the coordinates do not exceed the maximum pixels of the image, otherwise it will not be displayed), If all are selected, click anywhere to display the effect!
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html4.png
  3. Draw Rectangle
    Click Draw Rectangle, and the right side will pop up the following, there are 7 options: corresponding to the starting coordinates of the box (4), color, line width, and whether the internal fill. (Note that the coordinates do not exceed the maximum pixels of the image, otherwise it will not be displayed), after you have chosen, click anywhere to display the effect!
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html5.png
  4. Draw circle
    Click Draw Circle, the following will pop up on the right side, there are 6 options: the coordinates of the corresponding circle center, radius, color, and line width, and whether the interior is filled. (Note that the coordinates do not exceed the maximum pixels of the picture, otherwise it will not be displayed), all selected, click anywhere to display the effect!
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html6.png
  5. Draw String
    Click Draw String, the following will pop up on the right side, there are 5 options: the coordinates of the left vertex of the corresponding character, the content of the character, the size of the font, the color. (Note that the coordinates do not exceed the maximum pixels of the image, otherwise it will not be displayed), are selected, click anywhere to display the effect!
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html7.png
  6. Display picture
    Click Show Picture, and the right side will pop up the following, there are seven options: the coordinates of the left vertex of the corresponding picture, the picture displayed, four kinds of image processing algorithms, corresponding to black and white level algorithm, three-color color level algorithm, black and white dithering algorithm, three-color dithering algorithm (pay attention to the coordinates of the picture do not exceed the maximum number of pixels, or will not be displayed), are well chosen, click on any location to display the effect! Click Upload image, you can choose the local image, select the corresponding image, and click open.
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html8.png
    Draw the page to the bottom to check the original picture.
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html9.png
    Here, the corresponding algorithm is needed: Since a black and white screen is being used, only the mono-level algorithm and the mono-dithering algorithm are supported (the following attached images will display the effects of the images). If you click on the two red boxes, the popup warning will appear.
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html10.png
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html11.png
  7. Upload Image
    Finally, click the upload image button on the left to upload the image, the black and white screen will display after waiting for 10s.
    12in48-epaper-esp32-html12.png
You can open the Serial monitor of the IDE to check the debug message.
12in48-epaper-esp32-html13.png
You can also press the F12 button to open the debug console of the browser.
12in48-epaper-esp32-html14.png

Resources

Document

Demo codes

Datasheet

Third-Party examples

It is an "ESP-IDF component", you can drive the e-Paper with GFX and Fonts.
This is the Inkycal project for reference.

Software

FAQ

Question about Software

 Answer:
  • Enter the command: ls /dev/spi*
  • The result may appear as shown in the figure.

2.36inch e-paper Hat FAQ02.jpg

  • This is because the SPI interface is occupied in the /boot/config.txt file.

2.36inch e-paper Hat FAQ03.jpg

  • Steps:
    • Delete the occupation of spi0-0 in the /boot/config.txt file.
    • Modify the location shown in the picture in the /e-Paper/RaspberryPi_JetsonNano/lib/waveshare_epd/epdconfig.py file and change it to 0,1.
    • 2.36inch e-paper Hat FAQ04.jpg

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 Answer:
  • Our demo uses stm32f103zet6. If the customer modifies other models in MDK, such as stm32f103rbt6, the ram space becomes smaller, and the stack size and heap size in the startup file need to be modified on the original basis.
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 Answer:

When transmitting B/W data, use Data Start Transmission 1; when transmitting RED data, use Data Start Transmission 2.

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 Answer:

In this case, the customer needs to reduce the position of the round brush and clear the screen after 5 rounds of refreshing (increasing the voltage of VCOM can improve the color, but it will increase the afterimage).

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 Answer:

The border display color can be set through the Border Waveform Control register or the VCOM AND DATA INTERVAL SETTING register.

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 Answer:

In this case, the customer needs to reduce the position of the game and clear the screen after 5 times of the game.

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 Answer:

The process of re-awakening the e-paper screen is actually the process of re-powering. Therefore, when the EPD wakes up, the screen must be cleared first, so as to avoid the afterimage phenomenon to the greatest extent.

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 Answer:
  • It may be caused by the unsuccessful spi driver.

1. First check whether the wiring is correct.
2. Check whether the spi is turned on and whether the parameters are configured correctly (spi baud rate, spi mode and other parameters).

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 Answer:

The full refresh initialization function needs to be added when the ink screen is switched from partial refresh to full refresh.

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 Answer:

It may be a demo based on the BCM2835 library that has run the C language before. At this time, you need to restart the Raspberry Pi and then run the Python demo.

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 Answer:
  • Install the imaging library using the command sudo apt-get install python-imaging
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Question about Hardware

 Answer:

Yes, now there is a level conversion chip onboard, supporting a 5V drive.

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 Answer:
  • The rated input voltage of the e-paper screen is 2.3~3.6V. If it is a 5V system, level conversion is required. In addition, the voltage should not be lower than 2.5V, so as not to affect the display effect of the e-paper screen.
  • Device selection can use the model in the schematic diagram we provide or choose according to the data sheet.
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 Answer:

Yes, pay attention to the correct timing.

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 Answer:
  • Check if SPI communication is normal.
  • Confirm whether the BUSY pin is normally initialized to input mode.
  • It may be that there is no normal reset, try to shorten the duration of the low level during reset (because the power-off switch is added to the drive circuit, the reset low level is too long, which will cause the drive board to power off and cause the reset to fail).
  • If the busy function sends the 0x71 command, you can try to comment it out.
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 Answer:
  • 1.64inch, 2.36inch, 3inch, 0.5mm pitch, 26Pin.
  • 1.02inch, 0.5mm pitch, 30Pin.
  • 4.37inch, 7.3inch, 0.5mm pitch, 50Pin.
  • The rest (non-parallel ports) are 0.5mm pitch, 24Pin.

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 Answer:

Cable socket 0.5-24pin rear-flip 2.0H (FPC connector).

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Question about Screen

 Answer:
  • 【Working conditions】Temperature range: 0~40°C; (seven-color screen: 15~35°C) Humidity range: 35%~65%RH.
  • 【Storage conditions】Temperature range: below 30°C; Humidity range: below 55%RH; Maximum storage time: 6 months.
  • 【Transportation conditions】Temperature range: -25~70°C; Maximum transportation time: 10 days.
  • 【After unpacking】Temperature range: 20°C±5°C; Humidity range: 50±5%RH; Maximum storage time: Assemble within 72 hours.
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 Answer:
  • Refresh mode
    • Full refresh: The e-paper screen will flicker several times during the refresh process (the number of flickers depends on the refresh time), and the flicker is to remove the afterimage to achieve the best display effect.
    • Partial refresh: The e-paper screen has no flickering effect during the refresh process. Users who use the partial brushing function note that after refreshing several times, a full refresh operation should be performed to remove the residual image, otherwise the residual image problem will become more and more serious, or even damage the screen (currently only some black and white e-paper screens support partial refreshing, please refer to product page description).
    • refresh rate
    • During use, it is recommended that customers set the refresh interval of the e-paper screen to at least 180 seconds (except for products that support the local brush function).
    • During the standby process (that is, after the refresh operation), it is recommended that the customer set the e-ink screen to sleep mode, or power off (the power supply part of the ink screen can be disconnected with an analog switch) to reduce power consumption and prolong the life of the e-paper screen. (If some e-paper screens are powered on for a long time, the screen will be damaged beyond repair.)
    • During the use of the three-color e-paper screen, it is recommended that customers update the display screen at least once every 24 hours (if the screen remains the same screen for a long time, the screen burn will be difficult to repair).
  • Application
    • The e-paper screen is recommended for indoor use. If it is used outdoors, it is necessary to avoid direct sunlight on the e-paper screen, and at the same time, take UV protection measures, because charged particles will dry out under strong light for a long time, resulting in loss of activity and failure to refresh. This situation is irreversible. When designing e-paper screen products, customers should pay attention to determining whether the use environment meets the requirements of an e-paper screen.
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 Answer:

Ideally, with normal use, it can be refreshed 1,000,000 times (1 million times).

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 Answer:

Power on the development board for a long time, after each refresh operation, it is recommended to set the screen to sleep mode or directly power off processing, otherwise, the screen may burn out when the screen is in a high voltage state for a long time.

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 Answer:

Yes, but you need to re-initialize the electronic paper with software.

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 Answer:

Maybe the SPI rate is too high, resulting in data loss, try to reduce the SPI rate.
Insufficient or unstable power supply leads to data loss.
The data cable is too long to cause data loss, the extension cable should not exceed 20cm.

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 Answer:

The display gray scale of electrophoretic electronic paper is determined by the spatial position of the particles in the Microcapsule or Microcup. The electrophoresis phenomenon occurs between black particles and white particles under the action of voltage. This voltage sequence that promotes the electrophoretic movement of the particles is the driving force of the electronic paper. waveform. The driving waveform is the core part of the electronic paper display, and the optimization of the driving waveform will directly affect the display effect of the display. The driving waveform file is used to describe the parameters formed by the voltage sequence that promotes the electrophoretic movement of the particles, and it needs to be called regularly when the electronic paper is refreshed. Different batches of e-paper diaphragms and electrophoretic matrices require different voltage values ​​when driving the display due to materials, manufacturing processes, etc. The waveform of the e-paper screen is reflected in the relationship between grayscale, voltage, and temperature. Generally speaking, after each batch of electrophoresis matrix is ​​generated, there will be a corresponding waveform file in the form of a .wbf file. The film manufacturer will provide the waveform file and electrophoresis matrix to the manufacturer of the e-paper screen, and then the manufacturer of the e-paper screen integrates the protection board, substrate, and driver and then provides it to customers; if the waveform file does not correspond to the screen, it is likely that the display cannot be displayed or the display effect is unsatisfactory. Generally, the waveform file has OTP built into the driver IC of the e-paper screen when leaving the factory, and some programs we provide also called external waveform files to drive the e-paper screen.

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 Answer:

LUT is the abbreviation of LOOK UP TABLE, and OTP is the abbreviation of ONE TIME PROGRAM. The original intention of LUT is to load waveform files, and the waveform files are divided into OTP and REGISTER. Among them, OTP is the built-in waveform storage method, and REGISTER is the external waveform storage method.

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 Answer:
  • There are mainly two types of e-paper screens.
    • One is to refresh the background image first.
    • The other is to alternately refresh old data and new data.
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 Answer:

Simultaneous brushing in different locations needs to be operated in the program design, that is, first brushing the data of different locations into the electronic paper IC, and finally doing the Update/TurnOnDisplay uniformly.

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 Answer:

Yes, when the e-paper is batched, there will be some color difference, which is a normal phenomenon. Store the e-paper faces up to reduce the reddish/yellowishness to a certain extent.

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 Answer:

with film.

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 Answer:

At present, all screens have built-in temperature sensors, and you can also use an external LM75 temperature sensor with IIC pins.

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