Difference between revisions of "Template:User Guides"

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Line 133: Line 133:
 
*Open the Ultrasionc-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.<br />
 
*Open the Ultrasionc-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.<br />
 
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle.<br />
 
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle.<br />
 +
*Codes；
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
def dist():            #Function for reading data of Ultrasonic sensor and calculate the distance
 +
    Trig.value(1)
 +
    utime.sleep_us(10)
 +
    Trig.value(0)
 +
    while(Echo.value() == 0):
 +
        pass
 +
    ts=utime.ticks_us()
 +
    while(Echo.value() == 1):
 +
        pass
 +
    te=utime.ticks_us()
 +
    distance=((te-ts)*0.034)/2
 +
    return distance
 +
 +
while True:
 +
    D = dist()    #read the distance data
 +
    if(D <= 20):    #Turn right if there the distance of obstace is shorteer than 20
 +
        M.right(20)
 +
        #Ab.left()
 +
    else:            #else keep moving forward
 +
        M.forward(20)
 +
       
 +
    utime.sleep_ms(20)
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''Ultrasonic Infrared Obstacle Avoidance''' ===
 
=== '''Ultrasonic Infrared Obstacle Avoidance''' ===
 
*Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
 
*Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
 
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle. The combination of ultrasonic and infrared has a better obstacle avoidance effect and a higher success rate.<br />
 
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle. The combination of ultrasonic and infrared has a better obstacle avoidance effect and a higher success rate.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
while True:
 +
    D = dist()                    #read the distance data of Ultrasonic sensor
 +
    DR_status = DSR.value()      #read the distance data of right Infrared sensor
 +
    DL_status = DSL.value()      #read the distance data of left Infrared sensor
 +
    if((D <= 20) or (DL_status == 0) or (DR_status == 0)):    #If there is obstace detected, turn right
 +
        M.right(20)
 +
        #Ab.left()
 +
    else:
 +
        M.forward(40)            #else, keep moving forward.
 +
       
 +
    utime.sleep_ms(20)
 +
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''RGB LED''' ===
 
=== '''RGB LED''' ===
 
*Open the WS2812.py in Thonny and run it.<br />
 
*Open the WS2812.py in Thonny and run it.<br />
 
*Four colored LED lights at the bottom of the car will show red, yellow, green, clear color, blue, purple, white, and then show the color light effect.<br />
 
*Four colored LED lights at the bottom of the car will show red, yellow, green, clear color, blue, purple, white, and then show the color light effect.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
if __name__=='__main__':
 +
    strip = NeoPixel()    #instantiate the NeoPizel class which is used to initial LED controller, and set LED
 +
    print("fills")
 +
    for color in strip.COLORS:      #Set the LED to show color in loop (BLACK, RED, GREEN, CYAN, BLUE, PURPLE, WHITE)
 +
        strip.pixels_fill(color)    #Set the LED color
 +
        strip.pixels_show()          # Turn on the RGB LED
 +
        time.sleep(0.5)
 +
 +
    print("chases")
 +
    for color in strip.COLORS:        #Turn on the RGB LED one by one
 +
        strip.color_chase(color, 0.05)
 +
 +
    print("rainbow")        #Change the color in loop like rainbow
 +
    while(1):
 +
        strip.rainbow_cycle(0.02)
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''1.14inch LCD''' ===
 
=== '''1.14inch LCD''' ===
 
*Open the ST7789.py in Thonny IDE and run it.<br />
 
*Open the ST7789.py in Thonny IDE and run it.<br />
 
*After the program runs normally, LCD will display the string.<br />
 
*After the program runs normally, LCD will display the string.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
if __name__=='__main__':
 +
    lcd = ST7789()    #instantiate the function of LCD controlling
 +
    lcd.fill(0xFFFF)  #Set the backlight color
 +
    lcd.show()        #display
 +
    lcd.text("Raspberry Pi Pico",10,5,0xFF00)    #Draw text on the buffer with coordination 10(x), 5(y)
 +
    lcd.text("PicoGo",10,15)                      #Draw text on the buffer
 +
    lcd.text("Waveshare.com",10,25,0x07E0)        #Draw text on the buffer
 +
    lcd.show()                                    #Display the content from buffer
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''Battery Voltage Detection''' ===
 
=== '''Battery Voltage Detection''' ===
 
*Open the Battery_Voltage.py in Thonny IDE and run it.<br />
 
*Open the Battery_Voltage.py in Thonny IDE and run it.<br />
−
*LCD will display chip temperature, battery voltage, power percentage. The percentage of electric quantity is obtained by simple linear conversion of voltage. The actual battery voltage and electric quantity are not linear, so there will be some error in this percentage.<br />
+
*LCD will display chip temperature, battery voltage, and power percentage. The percentage of electric quantity is obtained by simple linear conversion of voltage. The actual battery voltage and electric quantity are not linear, so there will be some error in this percentage.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
while (1):
 +
    utime.sleep(1)
 +
    reading = temp.read_u16() * 3.3 / (65535)                  #Read the temperature data from register
 +
    temperature = 27 - (reading - 0.706)/0.001721              #calculate the temperature data
 +
    v = bat.read_u16()*3.3/65535 * 2                            #Read the voltage data from register
 +
    p = (v - 3) * 100 / 1.2                                    #Calculat the battery data
 +
    if(p < 0):p=0
 +
    if(p > 100):p=100
 +
 
 +
    lcd.fill_rect(145,50,65,40,0xF232)                          #Display the temperature, voltage and battery data to LCD, 
 +
    lcd.text("temperature :  {:5.2f} C".format(temperature),30,50,0xFFFF) #use the ST7789.py as libraries
 +
    lcd.text("Voltage    :  {:5.2f} V".format(v),30,65,0xFFFF)
 +
    lcd.text("percent    :  {:3.1f} %".format(p),30,80,0xFFFF)
 +
 
 +
    lcd.show()
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''Tracking Sensor Test''' ===
 
=== '''Tracking Sensor Test''' ===
Line 154: Line 246:
 
*The shell interface will display the values of the five tracking sensors. The data range is 600~900 when the PicoGo is put on the white paper, and the data range is 0~50 when the PicoGo is put in the air.<br />
 
*The shell interface will display the values of the five tracking sensors. The data range is 600~900 when the PicoGo is put on the white paper, and the data range is 0~50 when the PicoGo is put in the air.<br />
 
[[File:PicoGo-02.png|700px]]
 
[[File:PicoGo-02.png|700px]]
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
if __name__ == '__main__':
 +
 +
    print("\nTRSensor Test Program ...\r\n")
 +
    TRS=TRSensor()    #Instantiate the TRSensor class, whic features fucntions ofr read analog data and calibrates...
 +
    while True:
 +
        print(TRS.AnalogRead())  #Print the analog data red
 +
        time.sleep(0.1)
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''Infrared Tracking''' ===
 
=== '''Infrared Tracking''' ===
Line 159: Line 262:
 
*Tracking sensor can detect black line with white background (or white line with a black background, need to modify program).<br />
 
*Tracking sensor can detect black line with white background (or white line with a black background, need to modify program).<br />
 
*The tracking board can be made by sticking black tape in the white KT board. The width of the black track is 15cm. If the background color is too dark, the tracking effect will be affected.<br />
 
*The tracking board can be made by sticking black tape in the white KT board. The width of the black track is 15cm. If the background color is too dark, the tracking effect will be affected.<br />
−
*After disconnecting the USB cable, run the program, put the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right, this is the car calibration stage. If the calibration phase operation error will directly affect the tracking effect.<br />
+
*After disconnecting the USB cable, running the program, and putting the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right, this is the car calibration stage. If the calibration phase operation error will directly affect the tracking effect.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
while True:
 +
    #print(TRS.readCalibrated())
 +
    #print(TRS.readLine())
 +
    position,Sensors = TRS.readLine()    #Use the TRsensor.py as libraries function, read the data of Infrared tracking sensor
 +
    #time.sleep(0.1)
 +
    if((Sensors[0] + Sensors[1] + Sensors[2]+ Sensors[3]+ Sensors[4]) > 4000):      #Check the data of sensors
 +
        M.setMotor(0,0)
 +
    else:
 +
        # The "proportional" term should be 0 when we are on the line.
 +
        proportional = position - 2000
 +
 
 +
        # Compute the derivative (change) and integral (sum) of the position.
 +
        derivative = proportional - last_proportional
 +
        integral += proportional
 +
 
 +
        # Remember the last position.
 +
        last_proportional = proportional
 +
       
 +
        '''
 +
        // Compute the difference between the two motor power settings,
 +
        // m1 - m2.  If this is a positive number the robot will turn
 +
        // to the right.  If it is a negative number, the robot will
 +
        // turn to the left, and the magnitude of the number determines
 +
        // the sharpness of the turn.  You can adjust the constants by which
 +
        // the proportional, integral, and derivative terms are multiplied to
 +
        // improve performance.
 +
        '''
 +
        power_difference = proportional/30  + derivative*2; 
 +
 
 +
        if (power_difference > maximum):
 +
            power_difference = maximum
 +
        if (power_difference < - maximum):
 +
            power_difference = - maximum
 +
       
 +
        if (power_difference < 0):
 +
            M.setMotor(maximum + power_difference, maximum)
 +
        else:
 +
            M.setMotor(maximum, maximum - power_difference)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
</pre>
  
 
=== '''Infrared Tracking-Integrated''' ===
 
=== '''Infrared Tracking-Integrated''' ===
 
*Open a Line-Tracking2.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
 
*Open a Line-Tracking2.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
−
*After disconnecting the USB cable, run the program, put the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right to calibrate. After calibration, the black line will be run.<br />
+
*After disconnecting the USB cable, running the program, and putting the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right to calibrate. After calibration, the black line will be run.<br />
 
*When there is an obstacle in front of the car, the car will stop and the buzzer will sound. After the obstacle is cleared, the car will continue to run. Pick up the car and the motor will stop.<br />
 
*When there is an obstacle in front of the car, the car will stop and the buzzer will sound. After the obstacle is cleared, the car will continue to run. Pick up the car and the motor will stop.<br />
 
*During the calibration stage of the car, the four RGBS display red, green, and blue respectively. Change. The RGB LED will display the color light effect when tracking is running.<br />
 
*During the calibration stage of the car, the four RGBS display red, green, and blue respectively. Change. The RGB LED will display the color light effect when tracking is running.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
#This following function combines the Infrared sensor to detect obstacles while following the line.
 +
while True:
 +
    position,Sensors = TRS.readLine()
 +
    DR_status = DSR.value()
 +
    DL_status = DSL.value()
 +
   
 +
    if((Sensors[0] + Sensors[1] + Sensors[2]+ Sensors[3]+ Sensors[4]) > 4000):
 +
        Buzzer.value(0)
 +
        M.setMotor(0,0)
 +
    elif((DL_status == 0) or (DR_status == 0)):
 +
        Buzzer.value(1)
 +
        M.setMotor(0,0)
 +
    else:
 +
        Buzzer.value(0)
 +
        # The "proportional" term should be 0 when we are on the line.
 +
        proportional = position - 2000
  
 +
        # Compute the derivative (change) and integral (sum) of the position.
 +
        derivative = proportional - last_proportional
 +
        #integral += proportional
 +
 +
        # Remember the last position.
 +
        last_proportional = proportional
 +
       
 +
        '''
 +
        // Compute the difference between the two motor power settings,
 +
        // m1 - m2.  If this is a positive number the robot will turn
 +
        // to the right.  If it is a negative number, the robot will
 +
        // turn to the left and the magnitude of the number determines
 +
        // the sharpness of the turn.  You can adjust the constants by which
 +
        // the proportional, integral, and derivative terms are multiplied to
 +
        // improve performance.
 +
        '''
 +
        power_difference = proportional/30  + derivative*2; 
 +
 +
        if (power_difference > maximum):
 +
            power_difference = maximum
 +
        if (power_difference < - maximum):
 +
            power_difference = - maximum
 +
 +
        if (power_difference < 0):
 +
            M.setMotor(maximum + power_difference, maximum)
 +
        else:
 +
            M.setMotor(maximum, maximum - power_difference)
 +
 +
    for i in range(strip.num):
 +
        strip.pixels_set(i, strip.wheel(((i * 256 // strip.num) + j) & 255))
 +
    strip.pixels_show()
 +
    j += 1
 +
    if(j > 256):
 +
        j = 0
 +
</pre>
 
=== '''Ultrasonic Infrared Following ''' ===
 
=== '''Ultrasonic Infrared Following ''' ===
−
*Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-follow.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.<br />
+
*Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-follow.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.<br />
−
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable, place the object in the sensor of the car, the car will automatically follow the object to move.<br />
+
*Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable, place the object in the sensor of the car, and the car will automatically follow the object to move.<br />
 
*The following distance of the car can be set, the default following distance is 5cm, the car will stop when it is 5cm away from the object, the car will continue to run when it is larger than 5cm and smaller than 7cm.<br />
 
*The following distance of the car can be set, the default following distance is 5cm, the car will stop when it is 5cm away from the object, the car will continue to run when it is larger than 5cm and smaller than 7cm.<br />
 
*Turn left and right by infrared.<br />
 
*Turn left and right by infrared.<br />
 
*When the car is running, the RGB LED will display the color light effect.<br />
 
*When the car is running, the RGB LED will display the color light effect.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
#Combine Ultrasonic and infrares sensor to follow lines and obstacing, the LCD is used to display text
 +
while True:
 +
   
 +
    D = dist()
 +
#    print("Distance:%6.2f cm" % dist())
 +
#    utime.sleep(1)
 +
    DR_status = DSR.value()
 +
    DL_status = DSL.value()
 +
   
 +
    if((utime.ticks_ms() - t) > 3000):
 +
        t=utime.ticks_ms()
 +
        reading = temp.read_u16() * 3.3 / (65535)
 +
        temperature = 27 - (reading - 0.706)/0.001721
 +
        v = bat.read_u16()*3.3/65535 * 2
 +
        p = (v - 3) * 100 / 1.2
 +
        if(p < 0):p=0
 +
        if(p > 100):p=100
 +
 +
        lcd.fill_rect(145,50,50,40,0xF232)
 +
        lcd.text("temperature :  {:5.2f} C".format(temperature),30,50,0xFFFF)
 +
        lcd.text("Voltage    :  {:5.2f} V".format(v),30,65,0xFFFF)
 +
        lcd.text("percent    :  {:3.1f} %".format(p),30,80,0xFFFF)
 +
        lcd.show()
 +
    print(D)
 +
    if(D<5):
 +
        M.stop()
 +
    elif((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 1)):
 +
        M.left(20)
 +
    elif((DL_status == 1) and (DR_status == 0)):
 +
        M.right(20)
 +
    elif(((D>5) and( D<7)) or ((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 0))):
 +
        M.forward(30)
 +
    else:
 +
      M.stop()
 +
       
 +
    utime.sleep_ms(20)
 +
   
  
 +
    for i in range(strip.num):
 +
        strip.pixels_set(i, strip.wheel(((i * 256 // strip.num) + j) & 255))
 +
    strip.pixels_show()
 +
    j += 1
 +
    if(j > 256):
 +
        j = 0
 +
</pre>
 
=== '''Bluetooth Remote Control''' ===
 
=== '''Bluetooth Remote Control''' ===
 
*Open the bluetooth.py in the Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
 
*Open the bluetooth.py in the Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico<br />
Line 182: Line 430:
 
[[File:PicoGo-04.jpg|400px]]<br />
 
[[File:PicoGo-04.jpg|400px]]<br />
 
*Press the button to control the car, but also can control the buzzer sound, and RGB LED display different colors.<br />
 
*Press the button to control the car, but also can control the buzzer sound, and RGB LED display different colors.<br />
 +
*Codes:
 +
<pre>
 +
...
 +
while True:
 +
    s=uart.read()    #Use serial port to read the data from Bluetooth module
 +
    if(s != None):
 +
        try:
 +
            j=ujson.loads(s)      #use ujson librariries to handle the bluetooth data
 +
            #print(j)
 +
           
 +
            cmd=j.get("Forward")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "Down":
 +
                    M.forward(speed)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Forward\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "Up":
 +
                    M.stop()
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
 +
                   
 +
            cmd = j.get("Backward")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "Down":
 +
                    M.backward(speed)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Backward\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "Up":
 +
                    M.stop()
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
 +
           
 +
            cmd = j.get("Left")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "Down":
 +
                    M.left(20)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Left\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "Up":
 +
                    M.stop()
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
 +
                   
 +
            cmd = j.get("Right")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "Down":
 +
                    M.right(20)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Right\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "Up":
 +
                    M.stop()
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
 +
         
 +
            cmd = j.get("Low")
 +
            if cmd == "Down":
 +
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"Low\"}")
 +
                speed = 30
 +
 +
            cmd = j.get("Medium")
 +
            if cmd == "Down":
 +
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"Medium\"}")
 +
                speed = 50
 +
 +
            cmd = j.get("High")
 +
            if cmd == "Down":
 +
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"High\"}")
 +
                speed = 100
 +
           
 +
            cmd = j.get("BZ")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "on":
 +
                    BUZ.value(1)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"BZ\":\"ON\"}")
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"BZ:\ON\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "off":
 +
                    BUZ.value(0)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"BZ\":\"OFF\"}")
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"BZ:\OFF\"}")
 +
           
 +
            cmd = j.get("LED")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                if cmd == "on":
 +
                    led.value(1)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"LED\":\"ON\"}")
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"LED:\ON\"}")
 +
                elif cmd == "off":
 +
                    led.value(0)
 +
                    uart.write("{\"LED\":\"OFF\"}")
 +
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"LED:\OFF\"}")
 +
           
 +
            cmd = j.get("RGB")
 +
            if cmd != None:
 +
                rgb=tuple(eval(cmd))
 +
                strip.pixels_set(0, rgb)
 +
                strip.pixels_set(1, rgb)
 +
                strip.pixels_set(2, rgb)
 +
                strip.pixels_set(3, rgb)
 +
                strip.pixels_show()
 +
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"RGB:\("+cmd+")\"}")
 +
        except:
 +
            print("err")
 +
...
 +
</pre>

Revision as of 06:44, 4 April 2022

Software Setup

  • Download the MicroPython firmware
  • Press and hold the Reset button of the Pico board, connect it to the Host PC by USB cable and then release.
  • Drag or copy the downloaded UF2 file to the removable RPI-RP2 disk (Pico board)
  • The Pico board will auto-restart and it is ready to flash Micropython examples.
  • For more information about how to use the Pico board, please refer to the Pico Python SDK

Hardware Setup

Please follow the video to assemble the Picogo.

Note: If you are the first time using the PicoGo, please first flash the Micropython firmware to the Pico board before assembling.

Download example

Open a terminal and run the following command to download the examples and unzip them. 

wget https://www.waveshare.com/w/upload/0/00/PicoGo_Code.zip
unzip PicoGo_Code.zip

Test Motors

  • Open the motor.py in Thonny IDE, and run it
  • The PicoGo will move forward, then backward, turn left and turn right after running the codes.

Note: You need to turn the power switch to ON, and make sure that the PicoGo has enough place to move

  • Codes:
...
    M = PicoGo()     #Instantiate the PicoGo class, which has defined the functions of motions (forward, backward, left, right stop and the intialiation.
    M.forward(50)    #Move the motor forward in half speed (0- 100)
    utime.sleep(0.5) #Set sleep time to let the Picogo keep moving for 0.5s
    M.backward(50)   #Move the motor backward in half speed (0- 100)
    utime.sleep(0.5)
    M.left(30)       #Let the motor turn left in speed 30 (0-100)
    utime.sleep(0.5)
    M.right(30)      #Let the motor turn right in speed 30 (0-100)
    utime.sleep(0.5)
    M.stop()         #Stop the motor

Infrared Remote Control

  • Open the IRremote.py in ThonnyIDE and run it.
  • Press the Infrared controller to control the PicoGo
  • 2，8，4，6，5 are used for forwarding, backward, turn left, turn right and stop. You can press the - or + keys to adjust the speed and press EQ to restore the setting.
  • Different infrared remote controllers may have different key codes, if you use other controllers, you may need to modify the codes.

Note: If you need to make the PicoGo run without cable, you need to rename the IRremote.py as main.py and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico. The codes also need to call the Motor.py, you need to save it to Raspberry Pi Pico as well.

  • Codes:
...
while True:
    key = getkey()             #use the getkey function to read the singal of Infrated controller.
    if(key != None):
        n = 0
        if key == 0x18:
            M.forward(speed)   #If the value of controlled is 0x18, move the motor forward
            print("forward")
        if key == 0x08:
            M.left(20)         #If the value of controlled is 0x08, turn the Picogo toward left
            print("left")
        if key == 0x1c:
            M.stop()           #If the value of controlled is 0x1C, stop the motor
            print("stop")
        if key == 0x5a:
            M.right(20)        #If the value of controlled is 0x5a, turn the Picogo toward right
            print("right")
        if key == 0x52:
            M.backward(speed)  #If the value of controlled is 0x52, move the motor backward
            print("backward")
        if key == 0x09:
            speed = 50         #If the value of controlled is 0x09, set the speed to 50
            print(speed)
        if key == 0x15:
            if(speed + 10 < 101):
                speed += 10    #If the value of controlled is 0x15, speed up the motor in 10, max is 100
            print(speed)
        if key == 0x07:
            if(speed - 10 > -1):
                speed -= 10    #If the value of controlled is 0x07, slow down the motor in 10, min is 0
            print(speed)
    else:
        n += 1
        if n > 800:
            n = 0
            M.stop()           #If the controller doesn't be operated for a certain time, stop the motors.

Infrared Obstacle Avoidance

  • Open the Infrared-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Pico. Disconnect the USB cable and run it.
  • When there is no obstacle in front of the car, the green LED light in front of the car will be off. When the car meets an obstacle, the green LED light in front will be on.
  • If the LED light is not bright or keeps brightening, you can adjust two potentiometers on the bottom of the PicoGo, so that the LED is just out of state. The detection distance is the farthest.
  • Procedure phenomenon is no obstacle when the car straight, encountered obstacles when the car to turn right.
  • Code:
...
while True:
    DR_status = DSR.value()   # Read the value of the right Infrared sensor
    DL_status = DSL.value()   # Read the value of the left Infrared sensor

    if((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 0)):        #If the value of both the sensor are 0, there is obstace in the front, turn left
        M.left(10)
    elif((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 1)):      #If the DL value is 0 and the DR value is 1, there is obstace in the left side, turn right
        M.right(10)
    elif((DL_status == 1) and (DR_status == 0)):      #If the DL value is 1 and the DR value is 0, there is obstace in the right side, turn left.
        M.left(10)
    else:
        M.forward(20)                                 #else, there is no obstace, keep moving forward.
        
    utime.sleep_ms(10)

Ultrasonic Ranging

  • Open the Ultrasionc_Ranging.py in Thonny IDE, the detected distance will be shown on the shell.
  • Because the ultrasonic wave will be reflected, the front side of the obstacle plane is not in front of the ultrasonic wave but with the ultrasonic wave formed an Angle of the measured distance may be inaccurate.

PicoGo-01.png

  • Codes:
...
def dist():               #Function to read the sensor data and caculate the distance
    Trig.value(1)
    utime.sleep_us(10)
    Trig.value(0)
    while(Echo.value() == 0):
        pass
    ts=utime.ticks_us()
    while(Echo.value() == 1):
        pass
    te=utime.ticks_us()
    distance=((te-ts)*0.034)/2
    return distance

while True:
    print("Distance:%6.2f cm" % dist()) # Print the Distance data to the console.
    utime.sleep(1)

Ultrasonic Obstacle Avoidance

  • Open the Ultrasionc-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.
  • Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle.
  • Codes；
... 
def dist():             #Function for reading data of Ultrasonic sensor and calculate the distance
    Trig.value(1)
    utime.sleep_us(10)
    Trig.value(0)
    while(Echo.value() == 0):
        pass
    ts=utime.ticks_us()
    while(Echo.value() == 1):
        pass
    te=utime.ticks_us()
    distance=((te-ts)*0.034)/2
    return distance

while True: 
    D = dist()     #read the distance data
    if(D <= 20):     #Turn right if there the distance of obstace is shorteer than 20
        M.right(20)
        #Ab.left()
    else:            #else keep moving forward
        M.forward(20)
        
    utime.sleep_ms(20)

Ultrasonic Infrared Obstacle Avoidance

  • Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-Obstacle-Avoidance.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico
  • Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable. Go straight when there is no obstacle, and turn right when there is an obstacle. The combination of ultrasonic and infrared has a better obstacle avoidance effect and a higher success rate.
  • Codes:
...
while True:
    D = dist()                    #read the distance data of Ultrasonic sensor
    DR_status = DSR.value()       #read the distance data of right Infrared sensor
    DL_status = DSL.value()       #read the distance data of left Infrared sensor
    if((D <= 20) or (DL_status == 0) or (DR_status == 0)):    #If there is obstace detected, turn right
        M.right(20)
        #Ab.left()
    else:
        M.forward(40)             #else, keep moving forward.
        
    utime.sleep_ms(20)

RGB LED

  • Open the WS2812.py in Thonny and run it.
  • Four colored LED lights at the bottom of the car will show red, yellow, green, clear color, blue, purple, white, and then show the color light effect.
  • Codes:
...
if __name__=='__main__':
    strip = NeoPixel()     #instantiate the NeoPizel class which is used to initial LED controller, and set LED
    print("fills")
    for color in strip.COLORS:       #Set the LED to show color in loop (BLACK, RED, GREEN, CYAN, BLUE, PURPLE, WHITE)
        strip.pixels_fill(color)     #Set the LED color
        strip.pixels_show()          # Turn on the RGB LED
        time.sleep(0.5)

    print("chases")
    for color in strip.COLORS:        #Turn on the RGB LED one by one
        strip.color_chase(color, 0.05)

    print("rainbow")        #Change the color in loop like rainbow
    while(1):
        strip.rainbow_cycle(0.02)

1.14inch LCD

  • Open the ST7789.py in Thonny IDE and run it.
  • After the program runs normally, LCD will display the string.
  • Codes:
...
if __name__=='__main__':
    lcd = ST7789()     #instantiate the function of LCD controlling
    lcd.fill(0xFFFF)   #Set the backlight color
    lcd.show()         #display 
    lcd.text("Raspberry Pi Pico",10,5,0xFF00)     #Draw text on the buffer with coordination 10(x), 5(y)
    lcd.text("PicoGo",10,15)                      #Draw text on the buffer
    lcd.text("Waveshare.com",10,25,0x07E0)        #Draw text on the buffer
    lcd.show()                                    #Display the content from buffer

Battery Voltage Detection

  • Open the Battery_Voltage.py in Thonny IDE and run it.
  • LCD will display chip temperature, battery voltage, and power percentage. The percentage of electric quantity is obtained by simple linear conversion of voltage. The actual battery voltage and electric quantity are not linear, so there will be some error in this percentage.
  • Codes:
...
while (1):
    utime.sleep(1)
    reading = temp.read_u16() * 3.3 / (65535)                   #Read the temperature data from register
    temperature = 27 - (reading - 0.706)/0.001721               #calculate the temperature data
    v = bat.read_u16()*3.3/65535 * 2                            #Read the voltage data from register
    p = (v - 3) * 100 / 1.2                                     #Calculat the battery data
    if(p < 0):p=0
    if(p > 100):p=100

    lcd.fill_rect(145,50,65,40,0xF232)                          #Display the temperature, voltage and battery data to LCD,   
    lcd.text("temperature :  {:5.2f} C".format(temperature),30,50,0xFFFF) #use the ST7789.py as libraries 
    lcd.text("Voltage     :  {:5.2f} V".format(v),30,65,0xFFFF)
    lcd.text("percent     :   {:3.1f} %".format(p),30,80,0xFFFF)

    lcd.show()

Tracking Sensor Test

  • Open the TRsensor.py in Thonny IDE and run it.
  • The shell interface will display the values of the five tracking sensors. The data range is 600~900 when the PicoGo is put on the white paper, and the data range is 0~50 when the PicoGo is put in the air.

PicoGo-02.png

  • Codes:
...
if __name__ == '__main__':

    print("\nTRSensor Test Program ...\r\n")
    TRS=TRSensor()    #Instantiate the TRSensor class, whic features fucntions ofr read analog data and calibrates...
    while True:
        print(TRS.AnalogRead())  #Print the analog data red
        time.sleep(0.1)

Infrared Tracking

  • Open the Line-Tracking.py file in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.
  • Tracking sensor can detect black line with white background (or white line with a black background, need to modify program).
  • The tracking board can be made by sticking black tape in the white KT board. The width of the black track is 15cm. If the background color is too dark, the tracking effect will be affected.
  • After disconnecting the USB cable, running the program, and putting the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right, this is the car calibration stage. If the calibration phase operation error will directly affect the tracking effect.
  • Codes:
...
while True:
    #print(TRS.readCalibrated())
    #print(TRS.readLine())
    position,Sensors = TRS.readLine()     #Use the TRsensor.py as libraries function, read the data of Infrared tracking sensor
    #time.sleep(0.1)
    if((Sensors[0] + Sensors[1] + Sensors[2]+ Sensors[3]+ Sensors[4]) > 4000):       #Check the data of sensors
        M.setMotor(0,0)
    else:
        # The "proportional" term should be 0 when we are on the line.
        proportional = position - 2000

        # Compute the derivative (change) and integral (sum) of the position.
        derivative = proportional - last_proportional
        integral += proportional

        # Remember the last position.
        last_proportional = proportional
        
        '''
        // Compute the difference between the two motor power settings,
        // m1 - m2.  If this is a positive number the robot will turn
        // to the right.  If it is a negative number, the robot will
        // turn to the left, and the magnitude of the number determines
        // the sharpness of the turn.  You can adjust the constants by which
        // the proportional, integral, and derivative terms are multiplied to
        // improve performance.
        '''
        power_difference = proportional/30  + derivative*2;  

        if (power_difference > maximum):
            power_difference = maximum
        if (power_difference < - maximum):
            power_difference = - maximum
        
        if (power_difference < 0):
            M.setMotor(maximum + power_difference, maximum)
        else:
            M.setMotor(maximum, maximum - power_difference)

Infrared Tracking-Integrated

  • Open a Line-Tracking2.py in Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico
  • After disconnecting the USB cable, running the program, and putting the car in the black line, the car will rotate left and right to calibrate. After calibration, the black line will be run.
  • When there is an obstacle in front of the car, the car will stop and the buzzer will sound. After the obstacle is cleared, the car will continue to run. Pick up the car and the motor will stop.
  • During the calibration stage of the car, the four RGBS display red, green, and blue respectively. Change. The RGB LED will display the color light effect when tracking is running.
  • Codes:
...
#This following function combines the Infrared sensor to detect obstacles while following the line.
while True:
    position,Sensors = TRS.readLine()
    DR_status = DSR.value()
    DL_status = DSL.value()
    
    if((Sensors[0] + Sensors[1] + Sensors[2]+ Sensors[3]+ Sensors[4]) > 4000):
        Buzzer.value(0)
        M.setMotor(0,0)
    elif((DL_status == 0) or (DR_status == 0)):
        Buzzer.value(1)
        M.setMotor(0,0)
    else:
        Buzzer.value(0)
        # The "proportional" term should be 0 when we are on the line.
        proportional = position - 2000

        # Compute the derivative (change) and integral (sum) of the position.
        derivative = proportional - last_proportional
        #integral += proportional

        # Remember the last position.
        last_proportional = proportional
        
        '''
        // Compute the difference between the two motor power settings,
        // m1 - m2.  If this is a positive number the robot will turn
        // to the right.  If it is a negative number, the robot will
        // turn to the left and the magnitude of the number determines
        // the sharpness of the turn.  You can adjust the constants by which
        // the proportional, integral, and derivative terms are multiplied to
        // improve performance.
        '''
        power_difference = proportional/30  + derivative*2;  

        if (power_difference > maximum):
            power_difference = maximum
        if (power_difference < - maximum):
            power_difference = - maximum

        if (power_difference < 0):
            M.setMotor(maximum + power_difference, maximum)
        else:
            M.setMotor(maximum, maximum - power_difference)

    for i in range(strip.num):
        strip.pixels_set(i, strip.wheel(((i * 256 // strip.num) + j) & 255))
    strip.pixels_show()
    j += 1
    if(j > 256): 
        j = 0

Ultrasonic Infrared Following

  • Open the Ultrasionc-Infrared-follow.py in Thonny, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico.
  • Run the program after disconnecting the USB cable, place the object in the sensor of the car, and the car will automatically follow the object to move.
  • The following distance of the car can be set, the default following distance is 5cm, the car will stop when it is 5cm away from the object, the car will continue to run when it is larger than 5cm and smaller than 7cm.
  • Turn left and right by infrared.
  • When the car is running, the RGB LED will display the color light effect.
  • Codes:
...
#Combine Ultrasonic and infrares sensor to follow lines and obstacing, the LCD is used to display text 
while True:
    
    D = dist()
#     print("Distance:%6.2f cm" % dist())
#     utime.sleep(1)
    DR_status = DSR.value()
    DL_status = DSL.value()
    
    if((utime.ticks_ms() - t) > 3000):
        t=utime.ticks_ms()
        reading = temp.read_u16() * 3.3 / (65535)
        temperature = 27 - (reading - 0.706)/0.001721
        v = bat.read_u16()*3.3/65535 * 2
        p = (v - 3) * 100 / 1.2
        if(p < 0):p=0
        if(p > 100):p=100

        lcd.fill_rect(145,50,50,40,0xF232)
        lcd.text("temperature :  {:5.2f} C".format(temperature),30,50,0xFFFF)
        lcd.text("Voltage     :  {:5.2f} V".format(v),30,65,0xFFFF)
        lcd.text("percent     :   {:3.1f} %".format(p),30,80,0xFFFF)
        lcd.show()
    print(D)
    if(D<5):
        M.stop()
    elif((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 1)):
        M.left(20)
    elif((DL_status == 1) and (DR_status == 0)):
        M.right(20)
    elif(((D>5) and( D<7)) or ((DL_status == 0) and (DR_status == 0))):
        M.forward(30)
    else:
       M.stop() 
        
    utime.sleep_ms(20)
    

    for i in range(strip.num):
        strip.pixels_set(i, strip.wheel(((i * 256 // strip.num) + j) & 255))
    strip.pixels_show()
    j += 1
    if(j > 256): 
        j = 0

Bluetooth Remote Control

  • Open the bluetooth.py in the Thonny IDE, rename it as main.py, and save it to Raspberry Pi Pico
  • Install PicoGo APP in your phone (only support Android)
  • Start the APP, select Bluetooth control, and click "Search" in the upper right corner. After about a few seconds, the corresponding Bluetooth device will be displayed in the list normally.

PicoGo-03.png

  • Select jDY-33-SPP. If you select "JDy-33-ble", the connection to the device will fail. Go to the next page and select remote Control

PicoGo-04.jpg

  • Press the button to control the car, but also can control the buzzer sound, and RGB LED display different colors.
  • Codes:
...
while True:
    s=uart.read()     #Use serial port to read the data from Bluetooth module
    if(s != None):
        try:
            j=ujson.loads(s)       #use ujson librariries to handle the bluetooth data
            #print(j)
            
            cmd=j.get("Forward")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "Down":
                    M.forward(speed)
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Forward\"}")
                elif cmd == "Up":
                    M.stop()
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
                    
            cmd = j.get("Backward")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "Down":
                    M.backward(speed)
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Backward\"}")
                elif cmd == "Up":
                    M.stop()
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
             
            cmd = j.get("Left")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "Down":
                    M.left(20)
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Left\"}")
                elif cmd == "Up":
                    M.stop()
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
                     
            cmd = j.get("Right")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "Down":
                    M.right(20)
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Right\"}")
                elif cmd == "Up":
                    M.stop()
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"Stop\"}")
          
            cmd = j.get("Low")
            if cmd == "Down":
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"Low\"}")
                speed = 30

            cmd = j.get("Medium")
            if cmd == "Down":
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"Medium\"}")
                speed = 50

            cmd = j.get("High")
            if cmd == "Down":
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"High\"}")
                speed = 100
            
            cmd = j.get("BZ")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "on":
                    BUZ.value(1)
                    uart.write("{\"BZ\":\"ON\"}")
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"BZ:\ON\"}")
                elif cmd == "off":
                    BUZ.value(0)
                    uart.write("{\"BZ\":\"OFF\"}")
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"BZ:\OFF\"}")
            
            cmd = j.get("LED")
            if cmd != None:
                if cmd == "on":
                    led.value(1)
                    uart.write("{\"LED\":\"ON\"}")
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"LED:\ON\"}")
                elif cmd == "off":
                    led.value(0)
                    uart.write("{\"LED\":\"OFF\"}")
                    uart.write("{\"State\":\"LED:\OFF\"}")
            
            cmd = j.get("RGB")
            if cmd != None:
                rgb=tuple(eval(cmd))
                strip.pixels_set(0, rgb)
                strip.pixels_set(1, rgb)
                strip.pixels_set(2, rgb)
                strip.pixels_set(3, rgb)
                strip.pixels_show()
                uart.write("{\"State\":\"RGB:\("+cmd+")\"}")
        except:
            print("err")
...
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