Template: Altera-Hardware-Design-Basic-II

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Clock Circuit

The best solution of FPGA clock circuit is: A main clock, which is driven by dedicated global clock input(GCLK), controls each timing device of the design. Try to use global clock at any design. The FPGA has dedicated global clock pin, which is connected to each register of the device. The shortest time span of GCLK can supply is used for delay. We use a global clock interface CLK in our design, because it is single clock interface, we consider the use of active crystal clock as an external clock source. A 50MHz crystal oscillator on board is used for supply accurate clock. The schematic of the circuit:

Clock Circuit

Pin Name Description
CLK Clock input

Reset Circuit

The Reset Circuit contains RST Reset Circuit and nCONFIG Reconfigure Circuit. RST reset Circuit is a RC reset Circuit with RESET button switch, which is pressed to generate a Reset-signal, active-low. While nCONFIG Reset Circuit is triggered by nCONFIG key. FPGA will be reconfigured without reboot when the nCONFIG key is pressed. The schematic of the circuit:

Reset Circuit

Pin Name Description
RESET Active-low Reset
nCONFIG Active-low Reset, FPGA will be reconfigured, as soon as PROG_B pin restores to high level

Configuration/Programming Interface

Configuration is also known as loading and download. It is a process of FPGA programming. FPGA reconfigured at each reboot is a feature of SRAM-based FPGA. Within the FPGA, many programmable multiplexers, logic, interconnect nodes and RAM initialization, etc. are controlled by configuration data, which is stored in FPGA RAM.
The configured data of FPGA can be downloaded to target device with 3 methods, FPGA Active, FPGA Passive and JTAG, according to the role played in Configure Circuit. JTAG is an industry-standard interface. Usually All Altera FPGA can be configured via JTAG commands. Meanwhile, JTAG has more priority than other configuration method. Of course this board provides JTAG interface. The schematic of the circuit:
User can use dedicated Altera programmer USB Blaster to debug and program. File to be programmed to EPCS should be converted to .jic file by Quartus. That is, Set it as "JTAG Indirect Configuration File" and then uses the JTAG interface to program the EPCS device. See File:Cyclone-IV-Device-Handbook.pdf.

JTAG Interface

Pin Name Description
TDI Test data input. Serial input pin for instructions as well as test and programming data.
TDO Test data output. Serial data output pin for instructions as well as test and programming data.
TMS Test mode select. Input pin that provides the control signal to determine the transitions of the TAP controller state machine.
TCK Test clock input. The clock input to the BST circuitry.

Configuration Circuit

An EPCS16, Altera EPCS serial flash devices, is connected to the FPGA for keeping the data without power supplied. EPCS16 is one of advanced Configuration Device, 16Mbit density. It supports high capacity single configuration of FPGA. It also support in-system programming by JTAG interface. The schematic of the circuit:

Configuration Circuit

LED Circuit

4 LEDs onboard. Each LED is driven via one of the FPGA pins. When a low level inputs to LED pin, the corresponding LED turns on. The schematic of the circuit:

FPGA-LED-Circuit.png

Extention Board interface

Series of Open boards designed by Waveshare are based on Core-Extension-Separated idea. On the one hand, users can easily design extension circuit according to their needs, On the other hand, the interfaces of core board and extension board are fully considered about the compatible to other FPGA boards, make update easier.